combinatorial game theory, the study of such strategies that are subject to the conditions provided by systemaccounting

meaning, the gameboard* enables the buyers and sellers to participate in a game that is both fair and optimal for everyone

anyone competing in a game must be empowered to see the entire game board before they form and execute a strategy

to maximize each players outcome, all players receive access to the most efficient path with each turn.

finally, any game must maintain certainty that each historical move is legal, and has led to the current position of all its pieces

*note: projection enabled by a data type where 3d spaces cumulatively map to a 5d structure

in the absence of a technical definition, money is often presented in more sophisticated terms as "legal tender", a "medium of exchange", or "currency"

money is nothing more than accounting

when someone owns $5, theyve most likely earned a revenue from another person who simultaneously had an expense—an activity known among accountants as double-entry bookkeeping, and an event known among physicists as a conserved quantity

money enables members of the public to define their property in terms of numbers, then bookkeep when buyers and sellers agree to swap ownership coordinates after their indifference to such propertys value is measured

encouraging trade through the use of numbers is more efficient for an individual than maintaining a chart of all the combinations of goods and services where the free market measures an indifference

furthermore, enabling producers and consumers to record delivered value as a potential—so they have the choice to kineticize it at a later time, liberates producers from having to consume something at the time of trade, and likewise, consumers from producing a good or service—in return—at the time of trade

in short, money helps people measure the value of their private property in terms of numbers, then allows them to bookkeep who is owed value after delivering it to others

systemaccounting protects an economy by banishing the charlatans dictionary from economics through the enforcement of a law of conservation of information across a money supply

as a scientific definition of money is maintained across transactions to disambiguate delivered value from expected value*, words such as "banking", "credit creation" and "monetary policy" will undergo summary replacement by private lending, credit earning, and the scientific measure of the cost of capital

*note: receiving permission to include ones balance sheet as part of the money supply because they are a "government-chartered lending business" is absurd & unjust

tl;dr

"banks" are government-chartered lending businesses that receive the privilege of funding their lending activity by storing & transacting money on behalf of the public, and then sharing their cost of default with the public

when someone wishes to start a business, they must either use their own property as capital, or produce a financial model and offer potential investors the opportunity of owning a portion of the expected earnings in exchange for capital

pitching a business opportunity to investors, or raising capital, is hard work

also, if the new business spends the capital without earning a revenue, it must inform investors, "it's all gone," because owning revenue also requires owning expenses

on the other hand, there is a type of business that excuses a person from all the hard work of raising capital, and further, owning all their expenses

when someone receives a "bank" charter from the government, they receive the privilege of bundling their own service of lending with the services of storing & transacting money on behalf of the public

if this special business requires money for its lending activity, the government gives it permission to place a 4-letter word above its front door and wait for people to walk in and offer them money—since everyone requires assistance with storing & transacting money

furthermore, if the "bank" spends all the money its storing & transacting for others on lending, then it may inform its investors, "It's still there," because the government grants this business the privilege of measuring whatever loans theyve accumulated on their balance sheet to be "money"

since expected value & delivered value are different quantities, falsely measuring the value a lender personally expects to be the same as publicly-recognized delivered value forces the public to share in the cost of default when their expectations are violated by the physical universe, "no, the object or event that paper refers does not exist"

"bank" is not a technical word, but a legal word defined in federal law that mandates the existence of a business model within the private sector

a business model is a thesis for how value may be added in an economy, and is subject to constant evolution due to the advancement of research and the division of labor

according to 12 u.s.c. § 1841 (c), a "bank" is defined as a business that simultaneously

1. "accepts demand deposits"
2. "[supplies] payment to third parties"
3. "[supplies] commercial loans"

lawyers and legislators are similar to mathematicians in that they are free to aim the equal sign at whatever they wish to produce as many definitions as they wish

however, once the equal sign is aimed at an object possessing physical dimension (i.e. not intellectual), the duty to step in and prove the definition's consistency belongs to the scientist

to a physicist, the business model defined above may be simplified as three additional services hypothesized to add value to "money"—a service supplied by the u.s. treasury:

1. store
2. move (change ownership)
3. lend

now, we examine the physical properties of each service:

to store, an owner leaves some measurable quantity of property in one location, and then returns to measure the quantity as unchanged. since property is not sold & repurchased during its storage, there is zero market risk* while this action is performed, i.e. risk_m = 0

to move, an owner changes the position of some measurable quantity of property from one location to another (a change in location may also include intellectual coordinates, i.e. a change in ownership). the quantity of the property is measured to have remained unchanged during its change in position (i.e. movement). since property is also not sold & repurchased during its movement, risk_m = 0.

to lend, an owner swaps ownership of some quantity of property for a promise to receive an increased amount in the future. when a promise is sold, an expense is paid (interest). when a promise is redeemed, a revenue is earned (interest). therefore, the business of selling, purchasing & redeeming promises admits the presence of market risk (risk_m > 0), i.e. the 'profit = revenue - expense' relationship must be negotiated

capital is any property used to negotiate a profit

borrowing & lending aside, businesses are offered capital in a free market because they are judged to negotiate profit well, or produce a positive rate of return

from the perspective of a currency-issuing government that faithfully executes its duty as impartial observer on behalf of the physical universe, profit testifies when risk_m > 0 may be physically interpreted as reward > 0

therefore, the technical eye must be able to spot an absurdity if there remains in existence a business model that continues to acquire capital while the rate of return expected of it is defined by government to be as low as possible

to strengthen discernment, the difference between the following scenarios ought to clarify when the absurdity is realized:

1. most consumers enter a "bank" to demand the services of storing & moving money regardless of the return signaled by its loan portfolio, "can i store my property here and obtain a plastic card from you?"
   
2. all investors who enter a business to demand a fraction of its signaled return ask, "will you accept this capital in exchange for a fraction of the return i've measured you to produce?"

mandating the existence of a firm that simultaneously stores, moves, and lends money not only requires blurring the lines between property & capital, but it does so in favor of firms who exploit government authority to reach across these lines and access capital at prices the free market would not likely accept IF the opportunity cost of capital was publicly available and scientific (not dictated by government)

another issue with this hypothesized "bank" entity, which is not mentioned in the definition above, is receiving government privilege to double-count money's ownership:

1. someone first stores money with a "bank"
2. the "bank" uses the newly-stored money to purchase a note from a borrower, or lend them money
3. the money in the vault is replaced with a note
4. the borrower is the new physical owner of the money—which is no longer in the vault
5. the "bank" is authorized by the u.s. treasury to measure "money still in the vault" when issuing a statement to the original depositor

the most common form of capital within the business of borrowing & lending is credit

credit measures one's faith in the opinion of another—and is testified in the credit market by the judgement, acceptance, and therefore purchase of a promissory note

receiving the authority to double-count money's ownership between those who produce & consume promissory notes (credit) is to reckon the lending industry's judgement of the existence of value as possessing more authority than that of the u.s. treasury, and more importantly, the opinion of the physical universe

though it may be tempting to mitigate the effects of fear to one who is lending money to a "bank", distorting the physical effects of the transaction by informing them that they are merely storing it breeds economic infertility because it conditions people to lend money for reasons having nothing to do with exercising judgement in the pursuit of the risk_m > 0—an aim which results in reward > 0 when negotiated successfully

viewed from the other side of the transaction, allowing a "bank" to refer to credit as "deposits" is to increase undue confidence in one who has received a government exemption from having to earn credit the natural way: "in the presence of risk_m > 0, this economic actor produces reward > 0, so lend faithfully"

a borrower must only receive a loan from someone who accepts the cost of default, an arrangement which is not difficult to produce for a borrower who is consistently measured to produce opportunity, and fulfills their word

to protect the trust of those you govern is to command it

"i am worthy of credit because i am a bank" violates the public's trust because it has no physical meaning, and so violates the trustworthiness of the government that certifies it

money signals the green light to move goods & services towards its owner because they moved goods & services to someone else in the past

if only a promise was delivered, e.g. "i'm buying this car with borrowed money," then only the note's purchaser, the lender, must pay the cost of default, and not an entire economy forced by its government to count the goods & services promised to pay for the car as "delivered"—a fictional statement permitted to cloud public expectation

in summary, a "bank" defines nothing but a government subsidy to competitors of capital who expect to survive by promising, rather than physically producing, added value

the demand for capital is signaled by a verifiable rate of return, which is a number produced from a measurement, not a democratically-mandated word ("bank")

"i am worthy of credit because my actions produce this number," has physical meaning only when all economic participants are subject to the same scientific standard

*note: market risk refers to the risk that separates expenses from revenue. conducting a business means consuming the risk between expenses & revenue to secure a profit, e.g. "i have to walk across the bridge of uncertainty from expenses to revenue to earn a profit because a free market does not guarantee buyers."

the "banking" industry will continue to exist so long as people prefer to use its services

systemaccounting is to be offered as a choice to people who want to participate in a modern free-market economy after exercising their right to refuse the service of “banking” or crowd-funding government-defined rates of return (see overview page for legal and technical definition)

in the event public conversion to systemaccounting causes the insolvency of a "bank", a central "bank" will not be rescuing it with printing money, i.e. value that wasn't earned from physically delivering value elsewhere in the economy

to begin enforcement of the law of conservation of value, customer deposit balances will be transferred to systemaccounting where it will be recognized as the user's cash balance (debit "bank" liability, credit systemaccounting user asset)

the "bank" is then dissolved where the restructured loan portfolio will be assumed and operated by a newly-formed or existing private lending firm going forward

loans come from lenders

there will be plenty of private lenders who, lead by the desire to compete, will specialize in offering a variety of competitive loans along side the many other products the financial industry offers today

lenders have everything to lose if they lend you money you cannot afford to return

“bankers” are not real lenders since they can 1) afford to stay in business after lending you money you cannot afford to return, and 2) depend on government to obtain their inventory (cash) from the public at below market rates

the systemaccounting software is built publicly on github.com/systemaccounting/mxfactorial, deployed to the cloud, and accessible to the public from mxfactorial.io

the systemaccounting application is aimed at single transaction account storing all deposits

the transaction account maintained by systemaccounting is not a “bank” account since no one is permitted to borrow from it

then, create an account on mxfactorial.io, and transfer your balance from a bank to your mxfactorial.io account through a debit transaction

purchases between mxfactorial.io users will change ownership of deposits in the transaction account

with accounting automated, discovering capable asset managers in private and public sectors will be easy

what the public recognizes as "cryptocurrency" is nothing more than distributed data and encryption to the veteran technologist

knowing when to distribute, and when to encrypt, is what separates systemaccounting from whatever technology trend currently serving as a bandwagon for knowledge, and fiction for production (try leaving the bakery with a loaf of bread after explaining to its producer your computer created a "coin"*)

systemaccounting distinguishes itself by ranking the distribution and encryption of data as secondary to its structuring according to scientific law, the scientific law's enforcement, and the data's suitability for continuous computation

the cryptocurrency software is densely designed around denying the financial industry the ability to control and print money through a compromised government

while the feature of locking out financial hackers is important, the cryptocurrency application over-emphasizes its response to such concerns in its design, thus causing it to be an inefficient and incomplete solution

among other shortcomings†, the primary reason why cryptocurrency software can never become more than a novelty in the application of trade is that it does not support law enforcement's duty to enforce judicial writs

for example, if a consumer purchases an item from a seller, and the seller does not deliver the item as promised, a judge issuing a writ to return the property to the consumer is powerless if the sheriff cannot execute the levy

though crippling law enforcement through technology is currently a popular and emotionally gratifying response to the distrust of one's government, systemaccounting recognizes such motives as both short-sided & unsustainable because justice cannot be served to whom it is owed (issuing negative reviews to a thief is not justice)

rather than indulging in some reckless phobia of government, systemaccounting remedies government distrust by defining a reaction relationship between accepting the duty of enforcing law for the public, and the duty of becoming a user in a system where the public may enforce accountability in return:

in short, measurability and accountability are instruments systemaccounting supplies citizens to maintain the trustworthiness of a government they depend on to uphold justice

as systemaccounting eliminates the learning curve to a fundamental law of physics through efficient and easily-consumable data science, the "communists", "socialists" and "capitalists who once tore society apart with their complicated ideologies will be converted into data scientists because they've realized their labels don't mean anything to a simple process that requires one to measure their environment before forming an opinion about how to improve it

reducing division, chaos and absurdity may always be expected from an empirical view of social matters (see: privacy, justice, interest rates, elections, etc. on FAQ)

*note: while the u.s. dollar is not without entropy, alternatives do not have less

†note: an alternative currency is attractive given the popularity and importance of the subject, but money must ultimately testify to the irrevocable opinion of the one who issues and enforces it

when money, or the goods and services it was traded for is stolen, there are people sworn to uphold its empirical value who promptly appear to correct an incident where the recorded numerical opinion of its issuer was violated

when someone steals a unit of cryptocurrency from another person, the opinion of the United States Treasurer, for example, is not involved

any action not involving the u.s. dollar has nothing to do with the united states treasurer's recorded opinion of who has earned value after measuring, promising, and delivering it, and who shall receive value after measuring and accepting the promise of its fulfillment by another

for systems in a constant state of trade, the only currency worthy of trust is the one that swiftly enforces justice among all its users, at all times

eliminating the financial industry's control of money while preventing counterfeit are but minor features for a system designed to address the deeper technical issues plaguing the economy

the systemaccounting software provides coverage for all of the above and more through its unsurpassed mathematical simplicity and computational elegance

by modeling a fully-analytic economic continuum, the elimination of information asymmetry, uncertainty, and any other event owing its existence to financial friction are all dilemmas the systemaccounting platform is designed to resolve

money must measure value delivered—ownership of financial risk included, since one is not at liberty to equate value physically delivered by others in the past with value personally expected in the future

therefore, systemaccounting enforces a law of conservation of information to protect an economy from those who would violate it to delay the effect of false promises and spread their liability to others

with a conservation law in place, systemaccounting eliminates the possibility of equating what's been promised (hypothesis) with what's been physically earned (fact) so as to subsequently price capital strictly by referencing the cost of equity, rather than debt, as the system's risk-free rate

risk functions across a spectrum of predictability

the highest end of the spectrum is located at "certainty" where information is "risk-free"

the opposite end of the spectrum is labeled "absurd" where information supplies zero predictability

the price of credit hovers around the high end of the spectrum because lenders prefer a more predictable return to the type that characterizes the other side

however, there is zero correlation between expecting predictable returns and their ability to be physical fulfilled—this is why the cost of credit is not a legitimate reference for a system's risk-free rate

despite equity's increased variability of return, it is the only measure a system may reference as its risk-free rate since

for example, if a set of firms are measured to produce anywhere between 3%-159% return on equity, it was the physical fulfillment of at least 3% that is scientifically proven as the data set's risk-free, or scientific rate

except where the most trivial math & science is concerned (1 apple + 1 apple = 2 apples), risk is subjective because prediction involves each person uniquely referencing whatever information is available to them when exercising judgement

while each human being must be free to judge risk according to their own capacity, systemaccounting only exists to publish what the universe is certain of in the following way:

all transactions in systemaccounting possess a differential & differentiable data structure (see Physics of Value, dO/dt):

1. this is how a transaction appears when the owner of Ellie's Cookies opens a systemaccount in the amount of $1,000 (record1.PNG):

2. this is the transaction that appears when James purchases $7 worth of cookies from Ellie's Cookies (record2.PNG):

3. and another transaction where Ellie's Cookies purchases $40 worth of eggs from Daisy's Eggs (record3.PNG):

each systemaccounting transaction records a change in the balance of a pair of user accounts

ownership of money flows from consumer to producer, then ownership of goods & services flow in equal but opposite direction to consumer (risk may be included, but ownership data provides for the enforcement of the law of conservation of value & liability between users)

since James is located on the expense side in the second transaction, adding up all historical transactions referencing his user account will produce a current balance that is $7 less than it was before the purchase

moving forward to the third transaction, the balance of Ellie's Cookies is now 1,000 + 7 - 40 = $967

as Ellie continues selling her cookies, her account name is always referenced on the revenue side

whenever Ellie uses her business account to purchase flour, eggs, electricity, and so on, the account name is referenced on the expense side*

assume Ellie's Cookies earns a revenue of $10,000 for the month, and the account's expenses add up to $6,500

by computing revenue - expenses for Ellie's Cookies, the economy measures the business to have produced a $3,500 profit

dividing the $3,500 profit by Ellie's equity identifies her monthly return on equity

when the same (revenue - expenses)/equity computation is conducted across all business users throughout the system, the economy is measured to have produced a 3% return on equity

with a scientific measure now in hand, no rational person would walk their money into a "bank" supplying an inferior financial instrument because the price of capital was measured by the universe to be at least 3%

basically, systemaccounting causes the demand for capital to be signaled by a scientifically verified rate of return, thus empowering the public to ignore whatever imaginary numbers are defined by a financial clergy established by the state

the rate paid by the u.s. federal government to borrow is currently judged by the credit market to be the "risk-free" rate because lenders predict the government's ability to deliver on its financial promises is at least equal to its ability to tax its citizens, i.e. "my promises always come true because of my right to tax"

therefore, if a government issues many promises, the public must then bear the burden of fulfilling the expectations of the lenders who purchased them, even if such expectations are not shared by the public—a condition known as information asymmetry

democracy's limitation is drawn at the line of consensus

consensus measures the number of people who agree with one another, and not events occurring in the physical universe

to spread the liability of not judging in favor of an empirical event is the price of consensus

to mitigate the risk of imbalanced access to information, and the irrational outcomes it precipitates, choices must therefore be measured so that shareholders may have their expectations calibrated by empirical information

the u.s. treasury is not a "bank"

and there is no borrowing or lending involved with the transaction account maintained by systemaccounting since measurability is to be found at the heart of a healthy economy, and not the accumulation of unfulfilled promises

the role of any government's treasurer is that of bookkeeper and security guard to a nation's economy

money serves as undisputed testimony from the nation's treasurer that its owner has measured, promised and delivered value to another person

naturally, it is out of pure deference for the law of cause and effect that the money's owner deserves to receive no more than this value in the future

upholding justice within the process of trade is not the same as the process of borrowing and lending

to help frame the concept visually, consider a nation's treasurer to be a bookkeeper who possesses a government subsidiary ledger listing the names of all the people who have measured, promised and delivered value to others—and who now deserve to receive the same amount of value delivered to them in return

next, the bookkeeper converts the balance of each person's account into a bunch of 1's (e.g. instead of writing $500.00 as the balance, $1.00 is written five hundred times)

the bookkeeper then tears out all the 1's which constitute the total balance of each person's subsidiary account and hands it to them

as people seek to transact value, they hand these minuscule pieces of paper back and forth between each other, directly—instead of through the Treasurer

today, however, most of these little papers are not handed back and forth directly between their owners because the transactions are intermediated by people seeking to access cash, if only for a single evening, to capitalize their lending

as losses mount due to the poor use of money, treasurers are put on the hook to surrender the control ledger over to people who are incapable of succeeding unless they be permitted to add as much as they wish to the ledger, and tear out page upon page for themselves

systemaccounting removes the printing press keys from the hands of state-chartered lending companies

all transactions record a creditor and a debitor

an account appearing as a creditor in a transaction is earning

an account appearing as a debitor in a transaction is spending

compute the sum of transactions where an account appears as a creditor (revenue), then compute the sum of transactions where the same account appears as a debitor (expense)

current account balance = revenue - expense

systemaccounting measures trade for those who contribute to an economy’s existence, not publishes the minuscule details of their involvement to create markets that shouldn’t exist

for example, if Henry purchased $100.00 worth of groceries from The General Store on Saturday, July 7, 2012 at 1:11:03s PM, the rest of us will not automatically know what he bought, where he shopped, or even that he spent $100.00 because Henry has not chosen to supply this information to the market

despite the demand for Henry’s information from advertisers, marketers and anyone else seeking his data, not supplying his information to the market is Henry's way of exercising his right to exclude it from the market for consumer data

there are other markets, however, that do have a right to know that $100.00 in revenue was verifiably earned by The General Store on Saturday, July 7, 2012 at 1:11:03s PM

one such market having this right is known as the market for equity, which is a subsidiary of the market for return (a.k.a. market for risk)

if someone shopping in the market for equity is considering an investment in The General Store, they deserve not to be lied to as they form a final opinion about the value of its business

not being lied to doesn’t mean "knowing everything about Henry", it just means being certain that the $100.00 The General Store earned on Saturday, July 7, 2012 at 1:11:03s PM was because someone else chose to expend that same $100.00 @ The General Store (debit = credit)

also, if it was proven that Henry walked out with $120.00 worth of groceries, then the fact he only transmitted $100.00 to The General Store is one he is not at liberty to deny the public

just as it's not rational to commit a crime if one expects to be caught, it's not rational to conceal evidence of one's deeds if others are expected to defend them

when privacy is cited as an exception to accountability, the liability of a failure in judgement is transferred from the offender to the judge whose ruling risks exclusion of the fact, thus giving host to a failure of state

citing privacy as an exception to accountability also vastly increases its cost due to expensive and unnecessarily-invasive discovery, the indulgence of rumor and intrigue which may further disrupt the affairs of the parties involved, the false admission of hearsay, etc.

on the other hand, the person who proves accountable at the outset avoids many of these expenses for themselves and the state in which they are a stakeholder

lowering the cost of accountability lowers the cost of privacy

quick and efficient discovery phases to prove or disprove claims, and not marketing hypotheses, more easily affords the accountable all the privacy they wish

justice is, physically, the property of all: a market in which we all are consumers and producers

as inhabitants in the land of intellectual justice, it is our duty to access this intellectual property to correct an instance where each and every contributor to the economy was not physically rendered their due

finally, once members of the public realize that those who have the most to gain from citing privacy as an exception to accountability are those who have the most to profit from accountability's absence, they will gladly step into the light despite their modest imperfections—if only to await and identify those who refuse

possible that someone may discover and use a password that doesn't belong to them?

yes

while systemaccounting will use the most advanced but practical mechanisms to secure accounts and information, it was designed to expel a much larger hack affecting the entire financial system

when software contains a flaw, it is said to be a bug—which can enable a hack

the united states congress is similar to a software company in that it also produces intellectual property that users of the system must abide by, and it has released a bug in the form of a law that causes the whole of the financial system to be compromised by "banks" exercising undue privilege, and mixing their receivables with the objects designed to communicate the market has cleared

systemaccounting eliminates the greatest of hacks while tending to the smaller ones

as sovereignty is exercised through its courts, and the growing effectiveness of information technology is used, the access government has to information about the public faces little limitation

one of the many purposes of systemaccounting, however, is to empower the individual to know as much about their government as their government knows about them—this is how trust is secured

by establishing transparency in leadership markets, whether the allocation of the commodity in question is capital or votes, it is the establishment of a symmetry in access to information between both parties that serves as the most valuable surety for all shareholders

if the technology to use systemaccounting is not yet accessible, then using cash is practical

however, keep in mind the following:

exclusivity restricts competition in markets

while allowing unfettered access to both the buy and sell side of capital markets to the public is indispensable for a healthy and competitive economy, this access is meaningless if there is reliable measure of its prices is absent

asset prices are affected by the movement of money, and cash is not a practical instrument for informing the price of an asset in a modern economy

cash's high cost of accounting causes exclusivity, sometimes going as far as even helping others to avoid accountability

and yet, while any activity affecting the price of an asset must be measured, measuring is not the same as publishing

if the owner of an asset does not wish to offer their property on the market, they need not disclose its price so long as the following systemaccounting axiom is upheld:

each human being must be allowed to understand and own all the consequences of their individual choices, in addition to all the consequences that must be shared and owned as they arise from the individual choices authored by others

debit cards will still be around

there’s no reason why you shouldn’t be able to link a card to your systemaccount

the direction of all capital is determined by the rate of return its owner pursues

in short, investors are believers because investment requires faith

by virtue of the legal definition theyve received from the state, lending firms referred to as "banks" currently possess the privilege of defining a scientifically untested equilibrium price of capital for an entire economy

in the united states of america, a federally chartered firm called the federal reserve defines the economys scientifically untested equilibrium price of capital

in great britain, a collection of nationally chartered firms define the economys scientifically untested equilibrium price of capital (libor)

either way, the price of capital offered on either side of the pacific is 1) not scientific, and 2) not easily rejected by members of the public who only wish to store and move currency ownership in a modern economy

most all cash is forcefully converted into capital that chases state-sanctioned, scientifically untested rates of return—this is how the path of capital is planned in the direction of a state-chartered "banking" or borrowing & lending system

how does giving firms the privilege to define the economy's scientifically untested equilibrium price of capital cause inflation? see: inflation

systemaccounting eliminates the role of a central bank from an economy by enforcing a conservation of information through a data structure, thus 1) distinguishing and separating money from the risk-bearing financial instruments held on the balance sheets of banks (see monetary inflation, money-supply hacking), and 2) setting a criterion that automates financial stability to a degree not capable by committees

contrary to popular belief, economic inefficiency and instability is not ultimately caused by a central bank since its function is to serve as a control-mechanism* for any government action to centralize a borrowing and lending function (see central planning)

in the case of the united states, it is the u.s. department of the treasury that both i) authorizes and issues money to increase the efficiency of trade, but then ii) compromises this efficiency by centralizing a borrowing and lending function through the bank chartering process

when lending firms are granted the legal privileges of 1) bundling the services of storing, moving, and borrowing money from the public—which unjustly subsidizes their cost of competing for capital, and 2) redefining the money supply to include their notes receivables, the demand for a central regulating authority to intervene by a) mitigating the effects of monetary inflation and b) preventing money shortages, is unavoidably created

once the role of government in financial markets is automated through science and technology (see role of u.s. treasury), the private financial sector will no longer find in government a willing bedfellow who compromises its scientific integrity in exchange for election assistance

the days of exploiting government authority to i) charter technically-absurd business models, ii) falsify rates, iii) bend the rules of accounting, and iv) force the public's acceptance of financial risk will end once the economy comes to depend on a purely scientific measure of value & cost of capital

*note: fictional information is used as feedback in a control loop intended to secure the stability of a system in a constant state of disequilibrium (markets are prevented from clearing when the objects defined to communicate this event are mixed with instruments containing financial risk)

since the setpoint is defined to favor only a fraction of the systems inputs (cost of borrowing), it is this same fictional-setpoint-dependency that causes the accumulation of entropy to persist until system failure

"monetary policy" is a golden calf

while there is yet a reason to alter the money supply, it does not include protecting state-chartered lending companies from a failure in judgement

furthermore, producing a scientific measure of the price of money has nothing to do with deferring to the expectations of state-appointed officials who are quick to offer up the wealth created by the private sector to state-chartered lending companies requiring "regulation"

the systemaccounting standard requires, without exception, a law of conservation of value & liability to be enforced throughout its system

to understand the implication of requiring a conservation law from a money supply, consider the example of an economic actor attempting to operate a "bank" within systemaccounting:

a person seeking to operate a lending company raises $500 from each of 10,000 users

each account belonging to the 10,000 funding users decreases by $500

the lending company operator now has $5 million to fund loans

10 borrowers request to borrow $500,000 for 3 years from the lending company operator, or $5 million total

important: a "request to borrow" money is ambiguous, and best described as "offering a note promising to repay the sum, interest included, to the lender at a later time." offering to sell a note, or borrow money, produces risk. offering to purchase a note, or lend money, consumes risk

the lender judges the value of the opportunity contained in each 3 year note to be worth the risk, and lends the money (purchases 10 notes for $5 million total)

when the funding account owners inquire from the lender about the balance of the lending company account, a law of conservation forces the lender to reply, "zero"

and 10,000 account owners intending to fund a $5 million loan portfolio will have zero objections because they chose to share the risk with the lending company operator

while economists invent sophisticated phrases such as "money multiplier" to allow increasing the notes receivable of a "bank" and NOT decreasing a "depositor" cash account, physicists reject the event as a failed cross-firm balancing transaction which violates a conservation law, and is nothing but double-counting money's ownership

also, the privilege indulges 1) depositors who refuse to accept the full cost of default for investing in a failed lender, and 2) lenders who refuse to physically prove their judgement as worthy of credit in the credit market

in systemaccounting, the moment money leaves "the vault", the borrower is measured to be the money's new owner

monetary policy also distorts creditworthiness

the authority to declare a change in ownership of property does not, and will never come from a mandate furnished by the democratic process insofar as this declaration is one of scientific fact identifying a mutually-agreed upon measure by which a pair of human beings exercised their free will

allowing a "bank" to contradict the physical universe by double-counting money's ownership is to define its creditworthiness in an alternate, "democratic" universe leading to a future the economy must reconcile when the creditworthiness was proven undue (a promise goes unfulfilled)

creditworthiness is a measure of the frequency with which one physically fulfills their word, or creditworthiness = fulfilled / promised

a person who fulfills their word 5 out of 10 times (5/10) is 50% creditworthy

when selling notes (borrowing money), the numerator is "delivered", and when purchasing notes (lending money), the numerator is "received" ("fulfilled" accommodates either direction)

currently, "banks" are allowed to add whatever notes they purchase from borrowers to the money supply because the u.s. treasury's "bank" chartering process grants them the privilege of defining their own standard of creditworthiness: "BANK" = received/promised

should one's creditworthiness be measured according to the government charter they receive instead of the measure which the credit market tests all other firms, the amount of money promised in the denominator will grow increasingly large because fulfilling promises (numerator) is second to being a "bank", "i'm exempt from proving all the promises i purchase from other people as fulfilled before more money is offered to me. and when i do receive more money, i'm allowed to pretend as though it's still in my possession after lending it to someone else. i receive both privileges because i'm a bank"

when untested, unearned, yet government-ordained creditworthiness attempts to raise an economy up through the constant stacking, compounding, and renewing of debt, the only possible outcome for the unfortunate ones sent to labor at the top of this 'tower of promises' is a collapse through what is only the most recent artificially-sustained floor having no other purpose but to avoid triggering the structurally-inherent sinkhole of accumulated & deflected default risk scattered throughout previous levels

economists may not see a problem with placing the cart before the horse where the measure of creditworthiness is concerned, or sending multiple generations to be swallowed whole by an ever expanding denominator of "money promised", but a physicist will openly recognize that the burden these generations are forced to carry as a result of this false unit of measurement has unjustly caused them to be both slaves and sacrifices to it

ask a physicist how much an animal can reliably haul and their answer will come from first measuring the limit. asking how much risk a human can haul is no different

there are no entities within systemaccounting that may count their receivables as part of the money supply

bookkeeping the transmission of value's ownership between buyers and sellers of goods & services, so financial risk remains sealed between its producer and consumer, requires conserving both value & liability during a transaction

regardless of the medium used to record the transmission of value (paper, hard disk, etc.), this mathematical object increases the efficiency of trade by allowing its users to i) measure and relate goods & services in terms of numbers, while ii) remaining certain of what they are owed after servicing the demand of others

money is already an axiomatically complete object, so when a government chooses to add to it by centralizing a borrowing & lending function through the "bank" chartering process, the perfection upheld by the calculus of value's ownership is violated to create an environment of statistical ambiguity that accommodates the falsely-assumed credit-worthiness of firms facing little accountability for the risk they socialize & multiply throughout the system

the illusion of macroeconomic opportunity

economic growth is achieved when capital is allocated successfully, and not when the means we use to measure its existence is altered (supply of yield vs. supply of money)

the lack of courage to move capital around in the physical economy is due to a low visibility of yield, i.e. there is a high degree of uncertainty as to where opportunity is produced

in the same way filling the tank of a car with a broken transmission does not empower it to move, printing money does not empower an economy to grow

to a physicist, economic yield is a vector quantity (having both magnitude & direction) that must always point at those who are measured to physically produce it

allowing the government to simply dictate the price of capital (violation 1) and alter the means we use to account for it (violation 2) in favor of the network of lending firms it has chartered (violation 3)—is perfectly irrelevant to a process that depends on establishing the free market's transmission effect between 'money' and the 'firms the economy has verified to produce yield'

producing a scientific measure of the cost of capital is essential to the health of an economy because, at the heart of a healthy economy is measurability, and not borrowing & lending

after all, how can the cost of credit be reckoned if we don't, at first, measure it?

for those who place their own eyes before academic degrees, it's obvious that government authority is not a substitute for the data point of yield

the reality of microeconomic costs

altering a money supply to cover up the consequences of public sector failure robs it of its ability to reflect future private sector success, and violates democracy by raiding ballot boxes to change the number of votes in favor of the inadequate

failure is an inescapable, yet valuable form of economic feedback to private sector participants, and is not one which the public sector is free to exempt itself

if government attempts to deny voters their right to learn of a failure in choice of leadership, the universe will inevitably reveal the magnitude of its indifference to the promises for which the undue leadership was traded

rather than naively interpreting the results produced by democracy to be above failure, and indulging this false expectation through false accounting, a just government will expediently reveal its inadequacies so as to minimize their cost to those who will ultimately answer for them, the private sector

falsifying interest rates and violating the rules of accounting merely delays the inevitable: the physical bill will come due, and the universe will choose none but the private individual as the bill's recipient

gold is not money

gold is 79 electrons, 79 protons and 118 neutrons mingling together to form a noble metal

money is:

1. an intellectual measuring device,

2. serving as evidence,

3. the value measured, promised and delivered = the value measured, accepted and received (mpd=mar)

money enables its users to keep track of, or "bookkeep", how much they owe one another after mpd=mar

this mathematical definition of money is required if numbers are to serve as an interpretive key for how one may measure the value of one good or service in terms of the value of any other good or service, e.g. "i earn $2.00 selling a bottle of water, i spend $2.00 purchasing a pen. therefore, bottle of water = $2.00 = pen"

systemaccounting treats the golden rule, when practiced with mathematical fidelity, as the gold standard responsible for ennobling all mankind

note: what is value?

information that adds value to a decision is productive, and is measured according to the amount of work it reduces

information that repeats value is predictive

information that fails to repeat value is fiction

and information having only entertainment value is consumptive

for information that describes how to achieve a previously-impossible outcome, the productive value is infinity

and for information that repeats for its recipient how to achieve an outcome they already have knowledge of, the productive value is zero (predictive)

systemaccounting empowers humans by maximizing the circulation of productive value within the economy

"monetary" is not a real word, but meaningless sophistry used to conceal the inability to distinguish:

1. capital from property
2. measured from expected value, and
3. science from a consensus fallacy

to value is to choose

though these words refer to the same action, value refers to its measure

the etymology of value has french people using it to judge or equate worth, and this definition persists today since choice is the consequence of intellectual measurement, or judgement

when someone sells a bottle of water for $2.00, then turns around and buys a pen for $2.00, their actions are informing the market they judge the value between a bottle of water and a pen to be zero

someone accustomed to only using the word "choice" in their vocabulary are more likely to identify the distinction between a bottle of water and a pen, but to one who is familiar with the concept of value, there is no difference

value is the amount of work done a human chooses to receive while accounting for the amount of work done they must transmit to another to obtain it

for example, “to have this person choose to supply some work done for me, i must choose to supply some work done—as chosen by them, or someone else”

value quantifies choice, not work done

but choice becomes economically optimal when informed by the measure of work done it causes (physically rational)

after forming the habit of measuring “mass and energy” whenever the words “goods and services” appear, relating work done to both goods and services will no longer be difficult because i) mass unquestionably performs work by supplying resistance (e.g. you rest comfortably on your sofa since it supplies a fluffy resistance to the acceleration of your body), and even more fundamentally, ii) mass–energy equivalence

first, the value of money is determined by the goods & services it can purchase:

however, when a community of government-chartered lending companies ("banks") are granted the privilege of using the same money many times over to fund multiple loans, there will be an increase in the total supply of money because the definition of "money supply" is altered to include the notes receivables of all "banks" (money supply = money + notes receivables):

1. money is a service supplied by the u.s. treasury that identifies & communicates when value has cleared between consumers of risk*. mathematically, the value of the money was measured, accepted, & received by the seller, and an equal value of the goods or services was measured, accepted, & received by the buyer
2. the notes receivables identifying & communicating when the promise of increased value will clear in the future is a service supplied by "banks" mathematically, the value of the money is measured, accepted, & received by the seller (borrower), and an equal value of the note's risk is measured, accepted, & received by the buyer (lender)

currently, modern economists say "banks create money" because the notes receivables of all "banks" is judged by the government to be equal to money

not only is the "money = notes receivables" opinion absurd (value delivered in the past ≠ value expected in the future†), but so is the vernacular used by economists who fail to uphold a scientific standard in their explanation of how the ownership of creditworthiness & risk evolves under such an assumption: government authority is used to assert the unmeasured, untested, and therefore unearned creditworthiness of firms that may purchase multiple notes using the same money, thereby socializing & multiplying the risk of any event where a promise to deliver the goods and/or services required from the note's seller (borrower) to redeem its value from its purchaser (lender) is disproven

since government regulation is an empty counter-measure for using government authority to violate the natural principle that governs the flow of value & liability, the cost of systematizing financial risk must therefore be transferred to the pocket of consumers in the following way: as the likelihood of poor judgement in lending does not result in a commensurate increase in the amount of goods and services produced (money ≠ notes receivables), it is this incommensurate result—involving an increased "Money" supply chasing around a smaller increase in the goods and services produced...

...that is called monetary inflation (Δ "Money" Supply - Δ Goods & Services Produced > 0):

stated another way, the public's purchasing power is appropriated by a government that severs the continuity of risk's accountability to pay for the falsely assumed credit-worthiness of government-chartered lending companies

credit is to be earned, and not created

computing the receivables of "banks" as part of the money supply is eliminated with the introduction of systemaccounting since a law of conservation of value & liability seals risk between the consumer of a note (the lender) and its producer (the borrower)

as "monetary" value remains a conserved quantity at all times, "monetary" inflation does not occur within the system:

*note: 'transaction risk' differs from 'financial risk'. if a transaction fails from theft, an ideally-swift intervention from the justice system will correct a result that does not confirm the previously-agreed-upon outcome defined between the buyer and seller. if finance fails, its cost of ownership is NOT transferred to the state since the owner accepted the risk of default when they consumed it

†note: an apple farmer plants a seed, grows a tree, harvests an apple, locates a potential buyer, sells the apple, then stores the money in a "bank". the "banker" then lends the money by purchasing a note offered by some borrower. the cash stored in the vault is replaced by the borrower's note. a "banker" is someone authorized by the government to enforce the following absurdity, "my expectation this note will prove physically predictive is equal to the value of the apple farmer's labor & materials delivered in the past." in short, democratic authority is naively cited to equate "apples" with "promised apples"

credit is the value earned through the sale of a promise

creditworthiness is a measure of the frequency with which one physically fulfills their word

no

resolving denominational inefficiency by adding a decimal point to the entire float, which increases the resolution of a currency, does not violate conservation

risk how uncertain you are of something

if risk = 0, you say, "i'm certain"

and if risk = 1, you say, "i have no clue"

risk is also purely subjective since it can only exist when perceived by humans having “incomplete information”

for risk to truly equal zero, there would either have to be i) zero humans to perceive it, or ii) a perfect measure of what is being assessed throughout the trajectory of its existence

since humans are here to stay, the other option is to be pursued:

Within the context of a model system in classical mechanics, the phase space coordinates of the system at any given time are composed of all of the system's dynamical variables. Because of this, it is possible to calculate the state of the system at any given time in the future or the past, through integration of Hamilton's or Lagrange's equations of motion. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_space 2012-08-15)

democracy is measuring the number of individual choices that either confirms, denies, or defines a choice required by all

systemaccounting requires suffrage to be protected by verifiability & transparency if the right to tax is to be enforced

putting verifiability & transparency first, democracy must then be expedient, easy, secure, and inexpensive for it to be most effective

freedom is to exercise ones will

sovereignty transmits ones will

a republic is a space where the will of the public is transmitted

systemaccounting abstains from "politics" since the concept, itself, is expected to prevail only as long as individuals cannot scientifically prove or disprove the claims of others

similar to the pledge of starting a family, issuing someone an invitation to wed their choices to government authority is done with faith that the persons ideas & choices will measurably increase and sustain the offspring of public opportunity

swearing anything besides 100% loyalty to conceive enforceable ideas on behalf of an electorates well-being is an act of infidelity that weakens results

one cannot be 100% married to ones office, and yet 1% married to the priorities of another without compromising results

political parties are private firms that earn revenue by selling promises which, by financial industry standards, are all junk-rated issuances (e.g. the promise to increase job availability, the promise to reform the tax code, the promise to increase access to education, etc.)

the publics massively irrational demand for unsecured promises indulges the political party business model, which then funds access to expensive technologies used to broadcast further unverified statements aimed at persuading an unearned invitation for authority

swearing loyalty to a political firm that arbitrages the careless consumption of promises bundles the cost of standardizing a high rate of failure—which is accounted for, in part, by occasionally denying the most effective idea & choice on behalf of ones electorate to accommodate a conflict of interest

from the viewpoint of voters, considering one who exploits the activities of a political firm undermines the process of detecting the offices strongest option insofar as measuring the number of promises sold, and votes traded, as proof of "leadership" is absurd

the economic infertility caused by the incessant arbitrage of poor accountability and collusion on policy may have been unavoidable when communication across long distances depended on the horse & carriage, but at a time when informations mode of transportation is light, there is no excuse for weakening the process of independently-judging matters on its merits, and then sincerely choosing the most effective course of action

therefore, the only policy base systemaccounting serves is the one that seeks to empower individual judgement

the ability to recognize the praiseworthy statesmanship demonstrated by such men and women who wish to have their opinions held to a scientific standard of accountability is a faculty which none will be denied

systemaccounting defines the industry standard for journalism as it journals words & numbers into a database to empower the independent access, analysis, and interpretation of facts

adding a writer of stories to a process intended to improve the timeliness & effectiveness of other people's decisions is, with little exception, redundant & self-defeating

systemaccounting protects users from a flaw in the first amendment to the united states constitution by limiting the freedom of speech from entitling anyone to supply fiction to the consumer of a fact

in other words, not being lied to is a human right in systemaccounting, and the convenient exploit of passing off untested information as factual is eliminated

a fact is any information produced from a measurement

the promise associated with an individual is best signaled by their actions, and not their words

today, the strength of an individuals words is often compromised by hosting a contest for who can affirm public expectation the most

leading strictly according to public expectation is the opposite of leadership

therefore, entering the competition to juggle agreeing with as many people as possible while exceeding their expectation as "leader" produces a creature whose only substance is the ingratiating conduct they tender in exchange for approval

the archetype public affirmer who judges in favor of public approval instead of facts unlikely has the capacity to solve any other problem except how they are publicly perceived. of course, installing the contest winner in an office where they are allowed to falsify the mechanics of trade will produce a sinkhole of debt that swallows an economy whole

the inability of the public to hold the words of a policy author to an empirical standard of accountability is what indulges the promotion of entertainers over effective policy authors

systemaccounting empowers the public to detect individuals who, after issuing their words, achieve distinction by proving them through their actions

as the distinction between the imaginary and the physical increases with clarity, those who previously sought to advance themselves by promoting fiction, i.e. words predicting no physical quantity, will find they are unequal to the task of competing for the trust of others

fiction has no place in leadership markets supplying many promising candidates preferring honest work and meekness to self-promotion

unequal access to information indulges poor legislation

for example, a state legislator can exploit what the public doesnt know about some ill conceived legislation to secure its passing through collusion or a ballot measure

systemaccounting protects voters from an inept representative democracy by shifting all the risk of judgement to voters through physics and technology

as voters recognize 1) they have no one to blame but themselves, and 2) the time to study all state matters while tending to personal daily affairs is not practical, they will instead study those who prove capable of judging state matters on their behalf

voter dependency on an effective representative democracy is realized through their studying performance data, and not television

when a person opens doors for others to create prosperity, their leadership is demonstrated

leadership is a measure of how much one person serves as a source of opportunity to another

neither

the blurred line between negligible short term costs and their cumulative effect is often exploited by "liberals"

the blurred line between long term costs and the costs that will never happen is often exploited by "conservatives"

paving and connecting the short and long term paths with an empirical middle eliminates these exploits

systemaccounting is a technology founded on a data type that liberates the mind with empirical information

and automates away whatever claims on accountability were advocated by "conservatism"

the 3-part empirical definition for the word "country":

1. the number of meters² within each coordinate-defined boundary,
2. the number of human beings who are individually accountable for the costs & benefits of producing & enforcing intellectual property within the corresponding area,
3. the number of characters comprising the intellectual property produced & enforced by human beings within the corresponding area for the purpose of maximizing equity per capita*

prejudices are useful only when they are formed in favor of performance measurements

once mankind accepts a country to be nothing more than an area where human beings produce & enforce laws for the purpose of measurably improving the wealth of all human beings, policy creation will no longer be plagued by the absurdities which must arise from the prejudice sold by those who value government authority more than the well being of the people it serves

*note: access is a form of property, and is counted as part of the equity owned by a person who is content with little

a transparent & efficient economy hosting an abundance of opportunity for both labor & capital will offset economic entropy by funding & managing its social services programs effectively

in other words, before individuals may provide for others, they must first be enabled to provide for themselves

locating job & investment opportunities will produce funding for private and public social programs

the same tools used to negotiate one's personal success are then used to measure and improve the effectiveness of their investment & management of public or private economic programs

a person who has little interest in acquiring, by comparison to their contemporaries, a large sum of personal equity will still be endowed with a historically high level of personal equity in systemaccounting since receiving access to well-managed health care, education, and any other public service is a form of personal wealth

no

systemaccounting does not recognize libertarianism, communism, or any other psudo-scientific concept as real since they do nothing but lead to the formation of mobs rather than promote individual judgement

first and foremost, systemaccounting recognizes human beings who must be permitted to pursue their own free will, but never to the extent of denying another human being justice

justice upholds the liberty-equilibrium enjoyed by all human beings

systemaccounting reveals those human beings who courageously prove the opinion of the physical universe through their own actions, thereby settling any false claims brought against it by the human mind

to the systemaccountant, the practice of science is an act of justice between human beings and the physical universe

ultimately, it is systemaccounting policy to identify each noun with its measured action and not what it claims to be

none of them

there is no such thing as keynesian, austrian, conservative, or liberal economics

economics is a science

in science, we measure things to reveal what they are (beginning with numbers), not dictate where they should go

in other words, economics is the study of scarce resources and how they are allocated

the only language that economics may be spoken in for the time being is math (an exception exists and will be mentioned at the end)

studying “scarce resources” requires the student who is interested in referring to a particular fraction of a finite quantity at rest (stored) to speak of this fraction in terms of kgs, tons, gallons, and so on

also relevant are the distances the resource must travel across a period of time between old and new owners (in km, mi, inches, etc)

therefore, economics is entirely a science because its study requires creating access to knowledge that refers to how much of this stuff traveled such and such distance—and because we’re most likely interested in “trade”—we must also make known how much traveled in the opposite direction

economics’ rightful place within the tree of knowledge is that of “branch” to the field of physics since it is strictly concerned with measuring how humans negotiate the trade of property when the Law of Conservation is a physically inviolable parameter

so, if you’re the head of the econ department at a university, you've just received a new boss :o (kindly begin packing your belongings and move into the physics building)

the public may now confidently regard all such words as “socialism”, “communism”, “leftist”, and “right-winger” as literary devices that describe nothing scientific or useful because their purpose is to promote gangs rather than knowledge

and if you do come into contact with a phd who argues for one of them, or that economics is not a science, then they most likely obtained their degree from a thesis advisor who merely agrees with them

people have a tendency to defend their academic degrees at the expense of what is real because they refuse to see all their hard work voided by a consensus fallacy

as a result, confusion abounds with many not knowing what to think, and feelings are hurt

pay no attention to this

now its time for you to see and think for yourself, which is why science is such a blessing

we'll measure and run the numbers together

the exception to the rule stated in the beginning that math may be the only language used when pursuing economics:

the english translation for x²+y²=1 is “circle, with radius of one”

math may be translated into english, or any other language, so long as the resulting translation does not transgress the bounds fixed by its mathematical equivalent

otherwise, events begin to mutate (sometimes conveniently) and we end up with a hidden monster that devours reason and understanding

issuing promises of how things will look in the future, as well as the use of metaphor, requires a license that may only be obtained by demonstrating a deep commitment to the literal. how literal? mathematical

systemaccounting separates public finance from trade

a government institution is every bit as accountable for its debt obligation as the common business

since the full faith and credit of a republic shall never apply to bond markets*, printing money to service the unaddressed and accumulated debt created by the elected authors of poor judgement results in a number of serious violations:

1. a failure to clear the the market for leadership of its poorly-performing assets (e.g. elected officials, private executives),

2. a robbery of the public trust as it steals away the rightfully-earned purchasing power created by the public,

3. a denial of accurate measurability of any and all prices defined by the public

printing money is appropriate only after an increase in purchasing power causes a currency to become denominationally inefficient

even so, the only method appropriate for increasing a currency's supply is adding a decimal place to the entire float

increasing the money supply by allowing state-chartered lending companies to equate the value of their notes receivables to cash, or directly lending to them and other privileged firms are all grossly inappropriate and inefficient since, among other offenses, it seeks to exempt a small fraction of the public from the same competition and failure to which everyone else is subject

labeling an experiment to be above failure naively undermines its purpose

the purpose of an experiment is to discover truth by detecting failure. without detecting failure, a remedy cannot be identified

*note: contrary to popular belief, speech is not free—as it depends on time, a commodity bearing physical value in finance

when information predicts added value, the strength of the instrument used by financial experts to prove their theories is NOT determined by 1) the quantity of votes received in exchange for the emotionally-pleasing words issued by politicians, or 2) the number of people who join in singing their anthems, or 3) the flags they waive

instead, creditworthiness is proven by the physical gains produced by those capable of negotiating and consuming risk

election results are not a substitute for what financial experts use to prove the strength of their word

a market is free when an individual 1) may own property*, and 2) define any price they wish for their property, and 3) externalizes zero costs per transaction

the third condition recognizes how others can become imprisoned by the costs externalized by an individual, thus forming a type of transfer payment to those who avoid accepting full account of the cost of their production or consumption (failing to fulfill the terms of a previously-agreed-upon contract, included)

systemaccounting maintains a scientific definition for transactions occurring in a free market (w):

let,

t = time in seconds

a = value freely defined by a seller

b = value freely defined by a buyer

therefore,

w = value transacted between a buyer & a seller in free market (where a = b @ t)

see pricing & capitalism for details

*note: labor and access are forms of property

systemaccounting recognizes private property

furthermore, systemaccounting recognizes ones right to define the value of their private property, and then offer it to acquire property owned by another person who measures 0 difference in value at the time of exchange (labor is a form of private property)

capital depends on knowing the definition of 3 words:

1. value: see definition,

2. revenue, the quantity of value received after issuing and fulfilling a promise,

3. expense, the quantity of value transmitted after issuing and fulfilling a promise

now, with "value added = (revenue - expense)/revenue", any property used to pursue added value is capital

a person must be free to negotiate the risk present in this mathematical relationship with their own property:

i. when revenue > expense, value is added (property grows)

ii. when revenue = expense, value is unchanged (property remains the same)

iii. when revenue < expense, value shrinks (property decreases)

once private property and the right to set a price is recognized, the concept of capital is only a matter of arithmetic

systemaccounting certainly supports arithmetic

"socialism" is exercising government authority to define an equilibrium price that is not equal to what studied producers and consumers in the free market choose

replacing the price discovery mechanism with government authority prevents a system from identifying its most effective producers (e.g. teachers), and its laziest consumers, thereby increasing the risk, and spreading the cost, of an unsustainable allocation

socialism may be measured

let,

m = equilibrium price of a good or service measured in an efficient free market
g = equilibrium price of the same good or service defined by government

socialism = m - g

1. when g > m, we say, "socialism is present"

2. when g < m, we say, "socialism is present here, too"

3. when g = m, we say, "government is benign"

excepting the need to overcome inordinate costs, goods and services such as water, fire prevention, medicine, education and security are often paid for using the blunt instrument of socialism because the infrastructure enabling the public to anticipate the exact need for resources to optimally fund them is not yet present

taxes are the largest source of socialism in an economy

when carried to excess, using government authority to define equilibrium prices grossly misallocates resources and promotes disorder and instability

since government authority is exercised to maintain order and stability, a gentle and elegant approach to adjusting for economic unknowns in pricing is therefore indispensable

adeptly applied (g = m), government authority's place becomes that of benevolent steward over an economy rather than ignorant and whimsical overlord of it

as an economy matures to the point where it can identify and invite its top stewards into government, the risk of socialism declines insofar as asking the most systemically-efficient price-setters to operate as public trustees is a formality that produces little change in the economic outcome: property is governed by those who stably grow it for everyone

disclaimer: "socialism" is not a real word since the technical concept it refers to has been superseded by some other ambiguous definition that aids the recruitment of people into mobs. after presenting only a technical definition, the word "socialism" is deprecated as it has no use among people who are capable of responsibly judging matters for themselves, and willing to accept accountability for their personal opinions

collusion over the price of labor will last only as long as there is collusion over the price of capital

and by collusion, government and social access are not only intended

laborers are also disadvantaged by the absence of opportunity posed by exploiting information friction, or "cant find a higher paying job because employers avoid competing by not publishing the rates they pay"*

systemaccounting eliminates both the opportunity (capital) and the need (labor) for collusion

*note: rates published in job descriptions are bids and not equilibrium prices

systemaccounting enables its users to automate the fulfillment of their promises between one another

whether the promise is to issue an interest payment, pay a dividend, process payroll, or pay a tax, the fulfillment of all such promises may be easily automated through systemaccounting

for example, assume a pastry shop owner in los angeles sells a half dozen cupcakes for $7.07, tax included

if the pastry shop owner uses systemaccounting, then they may define a rule that says, "whenever a revenue transaction is created between a customer and the pastry shop, automatically create another 8.75% of revenue transaction between the pastry shop and the california board of equalization"

a customer arrives, orders a half dozen cupcakes, then uses systemaccounting to pay the pastry shop $7.07

as the $7.07 transaction is completed, a secondary transaction is created between the shop and the california board of equalization for $0.57

the tax is promptly paid, and the owner is left to focus on their business instead of complex tax obligations

city, state, and federal officials will also appreciate the tremendous efficiency gained by using systemaccounting

ourfiscalsecurity.org (now expired) published an article in 2011 estimating the federal government loses approximately $310 billion every year to tax evasion

saving the federal government from losing $3 trillion over 10 years while boosting economic activity is possible through technology, not politics

the data-driven republic that emerges from paying taxes expediently through a publicly accessible accounting system will enable voters to easily distinguish between the policy-makers who depend on accountability from those who depend on its absence

physically, there is no such thing

limited liability is a legal exception that results in physical absurdity

humans convening and entitling themselves the right to violate the physical law connecting consequences to choices creates the opportunity to transfer the physically inescapable cost of their choices to others

in the real world, choices are followed consequences, the measure of which may not be substituted with the counted opinions of those who refuse to own them

if the revenue from a choice is to be individually owned, then so must be its expense

liability refers to whom is accountable for risk

if the response to an absence of observability is to use government to force risks ownership on the public, then count on one who is skilled with the measure to restore its ownership to whom it rightfully belongs

in the end, it is not the role of government to serve as a receptacle for negative externalities, but to eliminate them—the first of which must be risk

you build something

but then someone takes it without paying you

you understand the need for systemaccounting when you recognize there is no difference between a person saying "its mine because i say so" and a republic saying "its mine because we say so"

self entitlement doesnt become sustainable through a democratic mandate

nor are credit markets sustained by words followed by a constitution

enforcing a conservation law protects individuals from a republic entitling itself to their earnings

you keep what you earn in systemaccounting, where the opinions of three hundred million people who decided "x" are not equal in value to the work contributed by the person who built "x"

boards are now a source of ignorance for underperforming executives and employees to exploit rather than a source of oversight defending shareholder value

shareholders are best protected by replacing corporate boards with transparency that directly informs shareholders of individual employee performance

automating the boardroom, executive suite and any other space where sitting around and talking may be passed off as work protects not only shareholders, but skilled product people from being consumed by the agenda of social hackers attempting to mitm other peoples productivity numbers

productivity numbers often suffer mitm attacks from executives concealing the negative or negligible measure of their contributions

these are executives who ambiguously cite "culture" and "fit" when disciplining laborers refusing to play along with their "teamwork"

shareholders and employees are not the only ones weakened by brand-promoting executives standing in front of others peoples numbers

consumers are also weakened

to locate those who physically complete the work, inefficient markets compromised by information friction require premiums from consumers to be paid to executive middlers

information friction and asymmetry are vulnerabilities from which systemaccounting protects an economy

as dashboards begin to replace executives who depend on socially hacking their way into manipulating empirical information traveling within and between firms, firm sizes will decrease

and those who invested in building a career dependent on exploiting the middleman economy will be displaced

branding conceals who is performing the work

and adds intellectual friction by persuading people a difference exists when there isnt any, or the difference is trivial

protecting the work of an individual from executives who attempt to create a career from branding helps the market locate production sources without paying large premiums to those who merely style it

setting the attractiveness of a good or service on its easily measurable performance emphasizes the beauty of numbers over fictional symbols and shallow catch phrases

independently measuring the value of a good or service, instead of receiving advice from its producer on how to "perceive" it, dispenses with the lazy intellectual process overemphasized and exploited by branding

jobs are created when capital is allocated

for example, assume the owner of a los angeles bakery uses the systemaccounting application to receive payment from customers, and also to pay vendors for expenses

a month goes by and receipts add up to a total revenue of $74,115.09 and expenses account for $41,233.55

since the profit of the business is $32,881.54, an investor on the supply-side of capital markets will be delighted to identify a business capable of producing so competitive a return as 44.3%

naturally, the investor will contact the owner of the bakery and present an offer of capital in exchange for a fair rate of return

if the offer is accepted, then it may very well be because the baker intends to open more bakeries and buy more equipment

in other words, as the baker physically proves his or her ability to identify and service the public's demand for delicious pastries, the baker simultaneously proves their ability to identify and service the public's demand for desirable rates of return

the point: when capital is allocated to purchase or lease more property & equipment, the demand for labor to manage and operate this property & equipment is created

as the baker opens more shops with mixers, ovens, and refrigerators, the demand to hire more people to manage and operate this property is created

market uncertainty blocks the light of opportunity from reaching the fertile ground that is the capital market's supply-side

the economy will begin discovering opportunity and put its unemployed to work when the cave hosting a handful of financial morlocks at the u.s. treasury is replaced with a cutting-edge, publicly-accessible data repository

as adoption of systemaccounting increases, capital will come to be allocated with confidence, thus increasing the demand for labor in industries which are empirically proven to identify and service demand

"stock markets" is wall street slang for what is more descriptively termed the equity market

when the owner of a business wishes to increase its capacity to produce, one option is to sell a fraction of its future earnings in exchange for cash or some other property

in return, an investor receives equity

equity is a measure of one's ownership as it relates to a property's total ownership, and its units are fractions, not "stock"

systemaccounting does not recognize exchanges such as the nasdaq, nyse or lse as useful markets in a modern civilization because they provide 1) inadequate market coverage due to their high exclusivity, and 2) zero access to the primary market for equity—the more significant market involved in the growth of an economy

once equity travels its way down to the secondary market, its purchase no longer represents some courageous allocation of capital where an opportunity of spacetime-arbitrage is seized to service the demand for goods & services more efficiently in a later time-coordinate 

rather, the equity purchase becomes an instrument for speculation in an idle scheme made possible by imbalanced access to information among traders in the same time-coordinate

equity's value does not tend to be justified by receiving the anticipated future earnings of a business in secondary markets, but by the ability of traders to manipulate its resale price using a media industry in service to fallacy

as the resale value of property becomes more important than its endogenous ability to add value, emphasis on the property's usefulness declines until someone eventually discovers, net of any negligible dividends, they owned little more than a false promise issued by middlemen instead of a growing economy

assuming the owner of a business does wish to exploit the highly unjustified resale values achieved in the secondary equity market, they must still pay a tremendous price to multiple lawyers, regulators, and "investment bankers" (misnomer) for the sale to become legal

several months may pass before completing an initial sale of equity in the primary market

only after the sale is complete in the primary market is equity sold to the highest bidder in the secondary market

in systemaccounting, a user has only to press a single button to publish their earnings

in the time required to chat a smiley on a social media site, a 17 year old female developer experimenting with a new idea in the suburbs can easily signal to the capital market where the next compelling internet business opportunity is located

seconds go by as a flood of emails and phone calls are received from investors all over the world who have located her through her various integrated online profiles

after half an hour, the developer decides to accept the highest bid of $150,000.00 into an account that automatically pays 10% of the project's profits every 30 days

no "stocks", no lawyers, no accountants, no "investment bankers", no brokers

a spirited, young entrepreneur required extra money for additional servers, and since systemaccounting recorded transaction data proving her business was worth the risk, a deal was completed within minutes

shortly thereafter, the young developer was called down to dinner by her parents, none of which was shared with firms that profit from an inefficient market

if the rate at which information is accessed increases in value because the supply of valuable information does not increase, then count on a technology that produces an abundance of valuable information to eliminate this constraint

the ability to profit from differences in prices measured by traders in the same time-coordinate eliminates the incentive to reduce the cost of production, and subsequently, the cost of consumption

while many private equity businesses, hedge funds, and other institutional firms profit by employing complex trading algorithms, these algorithms ultimately owe their value to extensive use of mathematically-trivial, conditional logic intended to reconcile short-lived patterns between systems sustained by high entry barriers

systemaccounting supplies the following condition as a public service, "every user is at least as insightful as the system's most capable applied-mathematician"

as the mathematically-adept are enlisted to automate away for the public whatever trivial logic was once used against them by "captains" of finance, even the most unschooled user will immediately understand where to locate opportunity—and how to avail themselves of it, if they so please, because needlessly-complex jargon, scripting, and relationship-brokering is replaced by real-time, path-optimizing, visually-efficient data

meanwhile, those who prided themselves on their bottom-feeding of economy activity within the flow of information & time will be forced to test the physical value of their technical acumen

consumers under guard by an applied mathematician who refuses to permit trivial logic from sustaining activity not kosher for a growing population will find their only option is to produce math that reveals how arbitrage may be secured by transforming x, y, & z through t

human beings close the neurological circuit on such emotions as anger, fear, pleasure, etc. as expectation is permitted to first create a potential difference, and is then either violated or confirmed. examples:

1. "i expect to receive a pay raise tomorrow" (violation→fear)
2. "i received a pay raise" (confirmation→pleasure)

the media industry currently reaps significant financial reward from incessantly setting up and tearing down expectations with no other aim but to trigger stimuli

entertainment aside, much energy is wasted in the economy since chronic triggering depends on producing unstable information that empowers the frivolous cycle of consuming stimuli instead of stable information that empowers production

while there is a fraction of the public that demands any information enabling the consumption of stimuli (including false information supplied to confirm false expectations), systemaccounting only services that fraction of the public who demand the constant tapping of the public's amygdala be silenced by flooding the economy with new information that provides for testing the buoyancy of expectation at the higher cerebral hemisphere

the public depends on media to train its expectations, a process that involves brokering the public's access to some hypothetical route to its future

best to avoid treating the responsibility of operating as an intermediary between the public and its future as a plaything

strengthening market signaling to emphasize the measurement of "what you do" eliminates the "all about who you know" advantage often espoused by information-intermediaries, relationship-brokers, and social hackers

systemaccounting recognizes the existence of both a physical and intellectual universe, and serves to reconcile them by measuring how the one that is observed by humans (the physical) is influenced by the one used by humans to interpret it (the intellectual)

reconciliation is achieved by maintaining a data dictionary that is constantly added to and referenced as transactions are created

with the flow of ownership between users & time measured through an evolving chart of accounts of goods & services, observers can expect the intellectual stability derived therefrom to serve as indispensable for the maintenance of economic stability

in other words, using spin tensors to ward off whatever spin words by standardizing the dimensions referenced in transactions across time-coordinates protects an economy from charlatans & copycats who prey on consumers & producers, respectively

whether artistic or scientific, systemaccounting identifies when human creativity leads to a new observation the moment the newly-discovered idea first receives physical dimension in a transaction

once an idea is born, systemaccounting conserves its definition so that the evolution of its function among humans in the physical universe may be confidently understood over time

an economy grows when its contributors can reduce their costs

searching for, producing, transmitting, consuming, and automating from intellectual property has costs which are all reduced by internet access

best to eliminate the internet's barrier to entry

education measures the amount of information received by a student after its transmission from a teacher

the value of an education is measured by the value of the information transmitted & received

since issuing letter grades & certificates in exchange for a teaching wage does nothing to prove the value of the information transmitted & received, higher learning must therefore be sought from market-tested specialists rather than tuition-funded professors

firms under pressure to address labor-shortages as they meritoriously satisfy a growing demand for their product will do well to reallocate the funds intended for scholarships and grants towards increasing internal training & education

stretching the production-pipeline to accommodate the constant training and education of students may not immediately appeal to the profitability of a business, but acquiring the habit of teaching other people to perform one's duties frees up time to perform research and development in the medium-term—which is the substance of growth to a business’s profitability in the long-term

shippable research and development is the occupation of the market-tested specialist

a firm containing an employee who has trained others to perform his or her duties, and does NOT produce shippable research is economically comparable to a professor who has multiple graduate students teaching his or classes and merely publishes academic papers

entrusting the training & education of human beings who are entering the prime of their lives to an environment that risks little by diluting the productive value of information with archaic, sophistic, and any other type of material not immediately tested to increase the well-being of consumers weakens the student's opportunity to contribute to a stronger economy

the inefficiency currently plaguing academia is rooted in ignoring that the equilibrium for teaching is the communication of competition-driven information to students, not publishing dense research to compete for the envy of one's peers

while communication answers to its own area of research, divorcing the process of "teaching" from "publishing academic research" to form a new higher-academic system based on "equilibrium-tested communication" will i) incentivize richly-rewarded communicators of productive information, and ii) force a much-needed exit of idle individuals from knowledge's frontier

should a student seek information not supplied by their employer, then pursuing a personally-convenient course of study tested by other firms actively managing the relevant curriculum will satisfy the student’s demand for knowledge while simultaneously revealing future candidates for hire

an eager class of students willing to accept any responsibility that they may increase their knowledge and opportunity likewise represents a highly-valuable opportunity for an economy

both labor inputs and the value of education stagnate if the information guiding it is not tested to precipitate growth

therefore, if a firm pairs each step to command & conquer growth’s frontier with an internal step to educate, then the student-employees, the teacher-employers, the business, and the economy will all benefit

the first step, however, is to identify an economy's real teachers

opportunity cannot be handed down if those at the top only know how to pretend to create it

systemaccounting measures value to be a pure number parameterized only by its change in ownership with respect to time

naming value "dollars", "euros", "yen", etc., are all irrelevant to money's scientific definition and purpose as its unit of measurement is a time-dependent, yet independently-defined number between old & new owners of goods & services—nothing more

stated less technically, money is a device used to measure the historical, current, and future choices shared by human beings exercising free will between one another

such measurements that refer to what human beings value provides for relating goods and services traded, and available for trade, in terms of the numbers human beings define for them

people who depend on rulers couldn't be more indifferent to the names they're given so long as the distances between the numbers written on them follow the rule of consistency (chartering "banks" and permitting the practice of "monetary policy" & "unconventional monetary policy" denies consistency in measure)

also, complexity is a type of resistance that measures the number of references required by a system to automate its equilibrium

introducing needless complexity into a system by adding divers measures for the same quantity creates damping points that only benefit those who specialize in manually negotiating a single mathematical translation at the cost of all others seeking access to the most efficient allocation, or equilibrium

arbitraging complexity is appropriate if, within a limited number of steps, a permanent solution is applied

however, arbitraging complexity's symptoms with an endless number of steps is disingenuous, lazy, and debilitating for everyone separated across what are trivial points of complexity

systemaccounting prioritizes information's consistency & simplicity by enforcing the law of conservation across both value and liability

receiving kilobyte sets of key-value pairs from a consumer who is transacting with a producer, and entering them into a database for economic analysis is not nearly as expensive as the media-intensive endeavors currently pursued by many online platforms

systemaccounting reduces the size of government

to understand the magnitude of the reduction in the size of government, consider "banks" as government-chartered lending firms tasked to carry out duties the u.s. treasury has injudiciously outsourced to the private sector

since the u.s. treasury is responsible for providing the service of money, leaving its users at the mercy of lenders who require accepting the service of borrowing & lending money (where market risk > 0) as condition of receiving the services of storing & moving money (where market risk = 0) is destructive

as i) capital is sold to "banks" in the form of credit (sellers have little choice), and ii) the path of capital continues to be centrally planned in the direction of a network of federally-chartered lending companies, the quantity of cash this network requires to stay in existence must inevitably grow because it serves to prop up lenders who require government intervention to continue supplying them cash they cannot afford

receiving exemption from paying competitive prices for capital by government naturally creates an inescapable dependency that has no other end except to take down the network along with its supporting host

in short, the "banking" industry is an ever-expanding branch of government that must continue to consume capital at amounts it cannot produce

and while systemaccounting detaches this artificial branch of government from the public, it also supplies a massive boost in accountability and productivity using fewer resources

such is technology

before the size of government can be debated, the subject of whether it knows what it's doing comes first

theres self entitlement, and then theres public entitlement

and theres little difference between them when an economy indulged by television and banking

elected officials accustomed to receiving their titles from television viewers who allow covering up failure with counterfeit will experience difficulty reconciling between, "my title is the sum of everyones opinion of me"

and the titles their measured actions earn them, "my title is the sum of my measured actions"

as systemaccounting disarms approval ratings of its sickle, and reveals leaders who create prosperity by NOT ingratiating themselves to a public addicted to confirmation bias, "youre the best, everyone"

a period of general discomfort will continue until expectations are recalibrated to honor, rather than revile, those who prove the public is NOT above change, "heres how to improve"

when someone performs a measurement, they seek the opinion of the physical universe

to be a scientist means to recognize the universe as the judge, a relationship that shows great reward to one who treats their own opinions as humble statements (hypotheses)

aside from exercising a court's sovereignty, reproducing a matter to test its conclusion in the company of a human judge is necessary only when the public must rely on their judgement to compensate for incomplete information and restore order

systemaccounting supports an individual's right to privacy while strengthening the public's right to defend itself from risk

the public's ability to defend itself more effectively from those seeking to exploit the absence of proof is enabled through the adoption of a technology that balances the right to privacy with the responsibility of accountability

a simple example of the gain in efficiency:

if someone is denied receipt of a good or service after they have paid for it, the plaintiff will file a report with their local police

upon escalation of the report to the district attorney, a charge may be filed with a request for a search warrant from the local court

should the search warrant be granted by the court, systemaccounting enables the u.s. treasury to receive and service the order by supplying the court access to the relevant transaction information

assuming the plaintiff's claim is verified upon completion of a hearing, and a judgement in favor of the plaintiff is secured, a writ will be issued to u.s. treasury requiring the creation of a new transaction that, in plain view of the public, reverses the one under dispute

as the measurability of transactions increase, the deniability and uncertainty once exploited to secure false outcomes made possible by errors in human judgement will decrease

regulation = k / accountability

extending a conservation law to transactions connects an economy to the natural, physical universe

modeling an economy the same way the universe models human activity protects the public from philosophical descriptions of the simple mechanical action connecting consumption with production

the public is also entitled to facts such as the most competitive price—including the minimal return expected of an asset as computed from historical transaction data, and not from publicly appointed committees (dictating lending rates distorts and destabilizes other rates)

benchmarking the risk free rate on the average return of equity guards investors from the absence of empirical evidence when judging the opportunity cost of capital

there is such a price that can be set in the pursuit of adding value (profit) that denies its payor, and therefore the economy, the opportunity to maximize value

in other words, there is a price that causes its payor to spend so much time paying that their ability to discover how to be paid for something else (opportunity) is removed

property rights must be protected

the right to set a price, or individually choose how much work others must perform in exchange to obtain private property must be equally protected—this is where socialism fails

the natural limit, however, is drawn at the point where individually maximizing value prohibits the economy from reaching its own value-maximizing point—this is where poorly practiced pricing fails

kike a well-balanced system of organs, individuals must avoid becoming an obstacle to, or limit the ability of another to add as much value as possible

an economy cannot reach its value-maximizing point when its individual participants may only see their own, or are unwilling to acknowledge the one belonging to the economy (greed)

to eliminate this blindness, whether innocent or willful, participants in an economy must have equal access to the same information

that information which must remain the same is the mathematical truth of what is physically occurring in an economy, at any time

math is just a language

and would be useless if it didnt answer to physics

2 meters + 3 meters = 5 meters liberates the user from the computationally inefficient "if two meters is added to three meters then total measured meters is five" language of philosophy

but mathematicians strip the units shortly after physics snaps its lordly fingers and venture off to extend the language to their hearts content

inventing symbols and justifying them with "axioms" instead of testing them against the type checker of physical law forces users to spin their wheels in equal signs

for example, declaring an objects freedom without its order, and expecting people to hold algebraic rules constant across a "real" number line admitting 2 directions, requires them to conceive of the "imaginary" and "complex" after banging their heads against a "negative square"

reducing the critical points of sine to i and -i omits the tale of the extra dimension by which theyre parameterized, and the plane contained by the boundary drawn by sines derivative

teach people pi/2 and 3pi/2 instead, and replace negatives with a new physical number notation: -1 = 1@pi

now all numbers have direction, and connecting them is easy when the higher order is an axiom, and not ignored or substituted with man made "axioms"

reckoning physics in these symbols casts out the absurdity of a second possible direction in the underlying dimension, eliminates the intellectual friction posed by the "imaginary" and "complex", and leads users to higher order thought

the desire to add a symbol to a language can exceed its usefulness, and limit the capacity of the bandwagon that embraces it

what matters now is measuring a symbols place within the physical dimensions of scalability, and protecting peoples time from entropys stench

denying the foundation & purpose of math to keep up appearances & funding will continue only as long as the economy is withheld from measuring the connection between information & action

as math seduces steps between man made data types in the wheel of identity, cramming equal signs between their inconsistent symbols in a manual runtime will soon be measured as a waste if it doesnt reduce complexity

best to regard mathematicians as the first information scientists now merging into computation science

if their scribbles arent describing something physical, chances are theyre trapping themselves and luring others into a hamster wheel

science is defining and reproducing statements by applying a measure

reproducing statements from a measurement may proceed after an initial measurement authors a standard statement

a hypothesis is a statement awaiting reproduction from a measurement

white-collar science is defining hypotheses

blue-collar science is testing hypotheses

systemaccounting defines mxfactorial as the standard for measuring when the flow of value is reproduced, and then pursues blue-collar science by proving when the statements exchanged between buyers and sellers are equal to this standard

its the scientist's job to firmly establish how one value relates to another so this relationship can be predicted on command

for example, assume someone says, "when i drive 60 miles per hour for the next 2 hours, the distance i will have driven is 120 miles"

such a prediction can now be faithfully accepted as well as reproduced on command because the values of "speed", "time" and "distance" have already been clearly related by the law that states, "distance is speed x time"

of course, scientists remain open to the possibility of a serious challenge to this statement of physical law, and look forward to their resurrection in a reality enabled by the challenge's triumph

the point

the shortcoming of sociology is that it seeks to set facts about human behavior, or why people choose to do things, when free will may eventually account for the nullification of those "facts"

human choice isn't predictable like distance traveled, so it's fair to say that the measurements which have been attributed to them, and the adjectives and nouns that were created to identify these humans, are likely to be negligible in their applicability in the long run (but just long enough to sell a few text books)

instead, measure the physical consequences of a decision exercised from free will to learn why people choose to do things, and stop short of depending on incomplete information to judge and brand what a human being is

the math identity, pronounced m-x-factorial, is an abstract data type describing how a system-clock is intellectually and physically possible

ask a physicist, and they'll tell you the identity is a map that measures & plots the consequences our shared choices have in a land we all have in common, the physical universe

ask a data scientist, and they'll tell you the identity empowers humans to optimize their actions—such as discovering the lowest price of a good or service, or the highest rate of return—since it measures the highest possible resolution of gdp

ask someone who is familiar with both concepts, and they will explain how the identity establishes for an economy the conditions studied by combinatorial game theory

but don't ask a mathematician because they'll say, "your equation is wrong!" (they only consider notation that keeps them occupied with their own games :0)

now, instead of depending on the assertions a few people define on behalf of everyone else, live transaction data becomes the source of measuring both economic activity and the price of capital

a system-clock records how one variable changes with respect to the change in another variable

the system-clock may account for changes in multiple variables

the first application of the system-clock is to be in economics where it will take the form of a "systemaccounting" technology used to measure how the following 3 variables change with respect to one another:

1. ownership
2. value
3. time

economics is especially concerned with measuring the change in the owernship of value with respect to the change in time

and since the $5.00 used to pay for a sandwich must remain the same between both the buyer and the seller at the time of its purchase, the variable we have defined as value is to experience zero, or no change

at the macro level, system-clocking economic variables does not allow for the monetary inflation created by socialized default risk to spread within the system because all variables, including value & liability, are structurally-gated as conserved quantities

the ability to access this data to analyze the performance of an economy at any public level empowers ALL of us who contribute to its existence to do so while being as informed as possible ...which some may not prefer, but that's irrelevant

we're not asking permission to be equally informed. are we?

whether comprehending the empirical price of an asset, or the empirical cost of a fiscal policy, systemaccounting allows us all to receive equal access to what is empirically happening on the economic playing field

share the handout below with someone who speaks the language of math

then, once you understand what it says, and understand its implications, turn around and teach it to someone else

the left side of the systemaccounting.org equation must be read as a 3-character symbol ("Mx!") defining a data type rather than an expression (M·x!)

the symbol identifies how setting the measure for, computing, and transmitting the flow of value as unmodified scientific feedback for a system of users optimizes its path between them as buyers and sellers in a free market, and satisfies the conditions studied by combinatorial game theory

the right-side variables of 'u = transactions / second' and 'w = value / transaction' are referenced in a summation to express a SELECT SUM(transaction_amount) FROM transaction_table WHERE date_time='YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss'; Structured Query Language statement

modeling transactions between debiting and crediting users across time as a binary logarithmic event creates a space of 2^n dimensions in the data model

the structure of the space seals certainty between independent events, or creates continuity in a free market

axiomizing a summation of the set of all equilibrium points, per unit of time—in a system of conserved quantities describes the behavior of an economy in terms of the same law that governs the physical universe

humanity depends on science to show people how to measure

until now, the public has had difficulty with unambiguously defining "money", the instrument used to measure the change in ownership of value with respect to time, and its role within a physical system

systemaccounting presents a scientific definition of money, then preserves that definition as buyers and sellers transact with one another through a payment application designed to keep all users equally informed

the science educates the public how to produce a measurement, the technology enables them to independently transmit & receive this measurement directly between one another without "banks"

the systemclock was invented invented to solve the problem of how to measure & optimize the action of a system

as with all other electronic devices, the systemclock requires a battery

in exchange for the service of measuring and recording the change in ownership of value with respect to time, i.e. where the cost of accounting is incurred, a revenue is required

also, a precedent must be set for the scientific community: 

1. science is a form of labor not justified by academic degrees, scholarly publications, or the pageantry of awards, but by application
   
   revenue helps society measure & relate how much research & development has reduced their burden*
   
   it's been said that real artists ship
   
   the same applies to scientists
   
   however, science is a unique form of labor that produces only one type of commodity: knowledge, or productive information
   
   marching forward with physical production & distribution to complete the ship equation often requires a scientist to negotiate a great deal of cost that emerges from unnecessary intermediation and task-switching
   
   scientific invention does not admit execution risk, yet it may be cited anyway by those not experienced enough with the relevant field, or who seek to exploit undue market power* by withholding physical production & distribution until they secure an unjustified allocation of ownership
   
   too often an idea capable of physically solving an important problem goes unfunded, or ends up in the hands of the inept, because its inventor is at the mercy of a capital market whose supply-side succeeds at gaming the system's loose logic, barriers to entry, and susceptibility to social tactics†
   
   teaching the solution to people who are not rewarded by understanding the problem—who are even part of the problem, becomes an exercise in futility
   
   an economy can rarely expect to grow if it sends its most capable problem-solvers to seek capital from those who acquire it by avoiding technical achievement, whose idea of exploiting inefficiency is to prevent others from eliminating it
   
   now that the mxfactorial research is complete, and the systemclock is available, only production and distribution are left: applying the systemclock to economic variables allows for a systemaccounting application to produce ordered measurements that are freely-defined by human beings to be distributed by the internet to a publicly-accessible database, science + physical production & distribution
   
   
2. taking into account the opposite end of the revenue number line, science is a labor that is not cost-free
   
   "if the work belonging to another is intellectual, then i am exempt from having to pay for it," is a position belonging to those who place no value on their own future, who place no value on knowledge, and who expect to enslave those who pursue it 
   
   great, even grave self-sacrifice is required to uncover knowledge's path
   
   instead of stampeding through to appease an unchecked sense of entitlement, justice and prosperity dictate that the beneficiary of the newly-revealed path testifies to both i) its discoverer and ii) the measurable reduction in their own burden by supplying fair value in return—value that may be used to reveal yet another path which the traveler may further benefit from
   
   as advancement begets advancement for all sides of the transaction, big science is left to those who practice useful science
   
   

*note: the market power is undue because, rather than producing intellectual property other firms are incapable of, the power to set a price owes itself to the scientist's lack of access to other more capable bidders on their intellectual property

†note: this same failure trickles down from the capital market and is amplified throughout the labor market as skilled and competent individuals are subordinated to people who exploit socially opportunistic behavior rather than work & accountability to compete, i.e. opportunity for an information-intermediary increases as measurability and access within a system decreases

considering the benefits outlined above, people believe in systemaccounting because their sanity is proven to be intact, and not because they receive equity compensation for financial insight & bravery

just as automobile tires are not asked to believe speed=distance/time, or conductors that current=charge/time, investors in search of a return are not asked to believe the flow of value=Δownership/time

removing "banks" & "monetary policy" from the role that only science may play within the trade of capital is therefore medicine

when rates of return are permitted to be legally-dictated instead of scientifically-discovered, the u.s. treasury is left with no other choice but to hand the printing press keys over to firms whose only means of restoring the inevitable loss of capital theyve obtained from the public at unnatural, government-defined prices is—to print more money

printing for "banks" the device used by the public to serve as undisputed testimony that value was delivered in the past, and therefore, deserves to be received in the future is to falsify reality in favor of a few, and distort prices

adding the variable of information asymmetry, it is necessary to diagnose the entire financial industrys landscape as owing its existence to imbalanced access to unjustifiable prices of capital—credit included

the act of prescribing a solution for the recurring destruction caused by chartering under-performing assets, and then attempting to stabilize an entire system in their favor, is not one that first seeks the approval of venture capitalists dependent on a "stock market", or any other financial professional whose success may be enabled by the current systems imbalances

furthermore, systemaccounting would be incomplete and insincere as a scientific revolution if the very people it is intended to test were found compensated in advance of its consequences to profess its legitimacy

once people recognize that advocating sciences role within the trade of capital is in their best personal interest, the technology will pay for itself

 exercising independently-informed judgment is not a human right, but a duty belonging to every human being

*fulcrum: one that supplies capability for action

the theory of knowledge is to be abandoned for the science of information

to talk of the spirit is to refer of the motive reflected by a choice, and nothing else

like the youth coming of age, humanity at this stage in its development has little interest in having its values dictated

so, the task isn't to barge into the private quarters of a person's soul to reorder choices as we see fit, but rather to extend an invitation to open a door so that they may understand how the life they live on the inside affects others on the outside

this can best be achieved by simply showing a person the consequences of their choices, i.e. by teaching how to measure consequences—one of science's many gifts

note: people often misinterpret emotional events for spiritual ones

emotions are both produced and consumed by the creature capable of pleasure, pain, and anything in between, whereas spiritual events do not account for the emotion one desires to consume, e.g. "serentity"

accepting personal responsibility for reflecting a well-formed idea through an individual choice, the aim of which is to physically produce some desired consequence in a physical universe shared with others, often requires its originator to avoid any conflicts & distortions caused by prioritizing their own emotional outcome (consumption)

in short, a spiritual event is an act of production where the only thing consumed in return is an idea manifested by a choice's physical consequence

pay little attention to your words when you wish to know what you believe

measure your actions, and the frequency with which they prove your words

note the pattern in those who treat "i can say whatever i want" as their religion vs those who guard humanity against information entropy, "but let your communication be, 1, 1; 0, 0: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil"

free speech is not a substitute for the measure of a consequence

science is choosing to prove the physical value of a statement by reproducing its measure

faith is also choosing to prove the physical value of a statement, but through the measure of your own actions

choosing both maximizes the physical value of information

one who reveals the measure of a matter despite aversion or consequence

note: west los angeles is host to numerous aerospace and defense firms. two engineers claiming to be employed at one of these firms visited the systemaccounting booth at the venice beach boardwalk during the campaign to raise whitehouse petition signatures. one claimed to have earned a phd in physics, the other a masters degree in physics. they inquired about the equation and received the explanation that it describes how to conserve financial value and create measurability. though they admitted having no technical objections to what the equation described, they refused to offer their support explaining, "this will upset a lot of powerful people"

this question and answer is assuring readers theres a class of scientist in the economy who is indifferent to winning the approval of "powerful people"

winning the approval of the physical universe protects individual independence:

you ask the universe its opinion when you measure something

you express a fact when you repeat that opinion

and expressing facts protects everyone from 1) imprisonment within a socially-engineered universe that Does Not Exist, and 2) the "powerful people" who only know how to socialize its cost to everyone else